Expressional Behavior in Canines
Note the different positioning of the ears between a dominant and submissive animal. Also note the increased gape of the mouth towards the submissive expression. Facial expressions: top left: neutral expression top center: light threat top right: ready to attack center: intermediate expression between dominance and submission bottom: intense submission (fear) to fearful threat (Adapted from Lorenz, 1963).
EXPRESSIONAL
BEHAVIOR IN HORSES
Top row: Threat
Bottom row: Greeting
Note the positioning of the ears
(adapted from Trumler, 1959)
EXPRESSIONAL BEHAVIOR IN GULL, HERMIT THRUSH AND PHEASANT
| 1) at ease | 2) alarm | 3) threat | 4) attach | 5) aggression-fear conflict |
| 6) defense | 7) inferiority | 8) approaching a mate | ||
BEHAVIOR LEADING
TO A FIGHT
NORWAY RATS
Note: Attack directed to testis of opponent
(Adapted from Erbe-Eibesfeldt, 1963)
